Mystery of "Hard problem of consciousness "

 In order to understand what perception means we first have to understand what sensation means. If there will be no sensation ,there will be no perception . 

Sensation generally comes from outward environment and stimulates our nerves and the brain centre and the brain gives a reaction to that " action of the sensation " and thus perception of that object happens .  

"Every perception has a sensation ,but every sensation doest not necessarily has a perception." - for example ,if  we are very focused in doing something ,other sounds from outside generally do not come into our attention ,hence sensation of that sound carried inwards by the nerve currents but they do not create reaction in the brain centre ,so we can see that even sensation is there still perception of the sound do not occur . Sensation is merely an "external stimulation " ( stimuli ) and can only come through the five  sensory organs and the process of sensation is generally described as " bottom - top process " as all sensations comes through the senses and along the spinal chord it travels as electricity and produces reaction in the brain centre . 

Where as ,the perception is described as a "top-down process " because after the sensation produces reaction in the brain,the nerve fibres produces electricity ,which Neuroscience called as " neurons firing "and then nerve currents through spinal chord,sends signals to the "motor  neurons " which regulates the mechanism of muscles in the body and thus we react and perception occurs . 

Hence we can see that between sensation and perception ,there is a " time gap "  which is called " perception reaction time "( PRT ) in neuroscience ,and this time period of processing data by brain is very very small. 

Now I am going to talk about the                      " Afferent" and " Efferent " processes .                                                                                                                "Afferent"process in which ,the external stimulation comes inside the human system through sensory organ ,which is described as " bottom - top " process and the " Efferent" process is that which projects this reaction to the external sensations outwards in order to make us respond to our environment . 

This processes  happens day and night without any rest , continuously and because of  which we perceives reality as we know it.

The entire process of perception  can cease to exist if there will be no nerve currents       ( nerve electrical impulses ) even though there still be sensation carried inwards by the sensory organs .  

Hence we see that ,sensory organs and stimulations on these organs are secondary cause for perception ,the main cause for perception are  the nerve currents  . 

      Electrical impulse in nerve cells in brain 
 

Electricity is produced in brain due to chemicals ,and hence nature of this electricity is " electro chemical" and produces in the brain due to difference in quantity of positive  ions on the inside and outside of brain cell membrane . There has to be potential difference in order to electricity to carry forward from one nerve cell ending to another nerve cell to pass on the signals in the form of electricity. The nerve endings in neuroscience are called " dendrites" . 

      Neural connection carrying electricity 

These dendrites carry forward this bio- electricity from one nerve ending to another due to the potential difference on the cell membrane. Hence ,just like in a wire current gets flowed due to potential difference,in the human brain and body the nerve current i.e this bio- electricity gets flowed by nerve fibres ( through dendrites) due to potential difference created by difference in quantity of  ions on the cell membrane ( both inside and outside of membrane) . 

So ,we can conclude our human body and brain are made just like the nature and all the forces which are acting in the body are in accordance with the nature . 

But the main question arises that how these nerve currents give rise to the conscious experiences in a person ? 

How these "nerve firing " i.e electricity in brain give rise to consciousness which creates  ego ? 

In psychology these subjective experiences in a person gives rise to the ego ,which we call as " I " at individual levels . 

This "I " ness is what is ego ,which produces the effect of knowing in a knower and compels the knower to think himself as an individual entity .                                             Ego creates this separation among persons making them feel as individuals and holds the  image of " self " in their respective minds through which they functions . 

The Problem is that we don't know how neurons through their electrical impulses gives rise to consciousness . 

Hence the question " How matter created consciousness ?" remains a mystery . 

This is a "reductionist model of consciousness" - in which Neuroscience proposes that out of matter i.e nerve currents the conscious experience arises. 

But to this day ,even after the development in neuroscience ,we don't know the exact answer of this question . 

Hence the question " How matter created consciousness?" is a unsolved mystery and hence this question is called in the realm of neuroscience and philosophy as the -                " Hard problem of consciousness" .