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Nyaya epistemology based on four fundamental aspects which are :    1 . Pratakahya (perception) ,2 . Anumana( inference)   ,3 . Upamana( comparison and analogy) and sabda( Testimony)                                                                                                          These are called " pramanas " which is typically translates as " valid source of knowledge". Nyay mostly emphasis more on the notion of  veridical inferential cognition  which means inferences which are deducted should be veridical( rightful, verifiable ) in nature . In Nyay philosophy anything which is not rightful or sensible should be discarded. they do not support mystery mongering and ritualism ,they solely operate on a intellectual level , which promotes robust realism ,universals selves and substances. The  whole epistemology based on realibilism ( cognitive belief forming process)  but rejects skepticism.  Akshapada Gautama also known as Gotama is said to be the founder of &q

            Brihaspati ( founder of charvaka                      philosophy) talking with  a king   Charvaka is a crude , rudimentary form of philosophy. The charvaka philosophy mostly based on the notion of perception and experience being the only source of veridical knowledge. Charvakas believe that  anything which beyond experience is not acceptable as a source of knowledge. They refutes metaphysical aspects of  existence and refutes the presence of Brahman ( God) and Aatman( essence of One's individual soul).  They only relie upon the five senses,and reality to them is just a projection of those senses. Hence, in a way  Charvakas are Empiricists  of ancient school of Philosophy. This Charvaka philosophy originated in India in 600 BCE ,though the name of the founder of this philosophy is disputable. Some say ,the founder is Brihaspati who has  also written Brihaspati Sutra but some say founder was philosopher charvaka himself .Now let's talk about the philosophical aspects

"Chakra " means moving wheel , wheel or circle . .But " Chakra "in ancient yogic practices suggests the idea of various focal planes of consciousness , generally comes from the traditions of "Hindu Sanatani Dharma" . The description of chakras and their functions in Kundalini yoga is mentioned in "Vivek Chudamani  Upanishad " written by Adi Shankaracharya.  the descriptions of chakra also can be found in Buddhism and Jainism as well which knowledge  has been propagated and handed  down  by Gurus and Sanyasi and spiritualists for eons .     There are majorly seven chakras in the Human body system which in order from lower position to higher position are:                                                                                                                                                    1. Muladhara chakra  (Root Chakra):   This chakra located at the base of the spine , near the coccygeal plexus , beneath the sacrum , precisely between